Motivational factors on the employee’s commitment Essay Example for Free

Motivational factors on the employee’s commitment Essay Today’s organizations and companies want their enterprise to be around in the future, successful and sustainable; avoiding the risk of performance or any negative effect. They consist of employees known as personnel that turned into human resources. Some of the major factors shaping the outcome are the quality that you hold: if employees are the right people; how the manager could keep it up; how they can be motivated for good performance. Motivation is a necessary tool for management or leadership providing a reason to employees to perform in a certain way. In addition, the essay will include the academic background of motivation theories as that of Herzberg, Maslow, Adams and Vroom. Setting goals is an essential motivating process and has been the focus of recent research and theory on work motivation (Locke and Latham, 1990). Thus, examples would be provided for further and practical explanation of theories, as the cases of Starbucks, Freese and Nichols (FNI) and Apple’s iPhone. At the start of the 20th century fundamental theories of motivation are presented, models about what motivates workers and their responses. Several theories of motivation try to analyze and estimate who wants, what and why. This is the reason why the theories of Herzberg, Maslow, Adams and Vroom have implications on the contemporary business. First, the bigger portion of Herzberg is that he developed the motivation –hygiene theory, which believes that there are many factors that workers could be motived. Byhese factors generate satisfaction and dissatisfaction. According to Herzberg (1959) accomplishment, the work itself, responsibility, growth and recognition, and company policies, work  conditions, supervision including relations with peers and management, salary causing respectively the two different distinctions. Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction portrait two different human needs driven by salary to purchase shelter and food and by actions leading to grow and attain (Herzberg, 1987). However, job satisfaction does not imply always-high level of productivity or excellence of motivation response. Practicing in business, the challenge at work is to raise the utility of ability of employee leading to the growth of responsibility levels. Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory and Maslow’s are the main theories of motivation. Continuing with Maslow’s model, Maslow classifies the human needs and examines how the classifications are connected to each other. A person starts at the bottom level, where they try to satisfy basic needs (food and house). When the needs have been fulfilled, there are no longer a motiving force and the individual goes to the next stage. Moving on the rest hierarchy; we can recognize safety needs (loss or protection against unemployment), social needs (communication, teamwork), esteem needs (human to be accepted and valued by others, respect from others) and self-actualization (how people think about themselves) (Maslow, 1954). If the management can find which level of need each employee expects, they can then decide corresponding rewards. Besides, one of the most relevant process theories of motivation is Adams’ Equity Theory. According to Adams, the theory argues the comparison of employee’s job input and outcome and also the same with that of other person at the same level (Mowday, 1991). Adam identified inputs as characteristics (age, sex, education, social status) that guide individual to ‘’social exchange’’ for an effort. Outcomes are specified as the benefits, the rewards or privileges (money, work duties, better status, power, authority). The employee is not moved to an action when there is a balance between inputs and outcomes, because they are already satisfied and equality exists. However, if the individual notices that the ratio of outcome/input is less than that of expected, then inequality exists and motivation forces start to build up the lost equity. It should be noted that there are two main different ways to restore the equity. Either the individual might choos e higher outcome based on their lower inputs, or reduce the inputs in relation  to the same outcome (Adams, 1965). The actual purpose is the equality between input and outcome. Therefore, inequality could be when the employee is either over-rewarded or under-rewarded (Fok et al, 2000). It was initially proposed in the early 1960s the Expectancy Theory by Victor Vroom, which premises the significance of motivation. The theory tries to examine why individuals choose specific behavior or action. According to Vroom (1964), there are three central components; Expectancy (effort leading to a particular level of performance); Instrumentality (that performance will lead to outcomes); Valence (the value that the individual places on the outcome). Droar (2006) suggests that for a person to be motivated the key elements must be linked. Otherwise, Porter and Lawler (1971) argue that Expectancy theory needs to be updated, because it includes some flaws. For example, an employer gives a reward, such as a promotion or financial bonus hence the employees will bonus their productivity to gain the reward. However, this only works if the employees believe the reward is favora ble to their actual needs. Apple is a company that can be used to exemplify the theory of Herzberg. Behind Apple and the design of products by employees is the psychology of extrinsic and intrinsic characteristics driven by the question ‘’Will I enjoy using this product myself? ‘’. The extrinsic motivation is based on rewards for executives by giving them 3%-5% bonus of their salary. Next, all Apple employees receive discounts on products or they might receive free iPhone or iPad if they are on the developing team (Issaacson, 2011). This is more efficient than the increase of the salary as long as they see in front of their eyes the results of the effort, but also it is cheaper for Apple. In addition, intrinsic motivation is driven by corporate culture. Employees are weightily committed to their job, as ‘’monotonous encoding’’ that they enjoy it (Issaacson, 2011). The culture of Apple was forced by Steve Job. What motived him to follow his dream and his heart was the passion, creating innovative products based on enjoying using himself rather than to bring profits to Apple. The core principles for this are: Do something direct for your life; Get better and better at something that matters; There is no reason not to follow your instinc ts and your heart, nothing to lose (Awareness of his death) ; Understand that you live only once. Apple is a company that works and thinks outside the box helping people to change the world (Gladwell,2011). Furthermore, Freese and  Nichols (FNI) is a practical example of expectancy theory. FNI is the first engineering/architecture firm to receive this honour. Employees are trained to improve quality in the work and seminars and FNI University training offered by the company. Workers have the authority to work on their own. In 2010 FNI gained the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. In addition, Starbucks Corporation, the most famous chain of coffee shops in the world, attracts customers for its quality and the good value for money while the prices are high. Beyond, the employees are also satisfied. Major motivational principle of king of coffee is the equity, meaning how fair the employees are treated by the employers during their work (Economist.com , 2009). For Starbucks employees are partners, not just employees, giving them valuable knowledge and training and providing them with rewards and benefits. Besides, Starbucks offer a creative and excellent work place, as part of ethics program, where the company treats its ‘’partners’’ with respect and prestige. Motivation theories should be examined in a deeper and macro level. Firms corporate operate and have subsidiaries in different countries, where there are different employees around the world with different cultures and values. It is complicated for an organization to motivate different cultures, for the reason why each has different temperament and the ranking of needs differs among cultures. The motivation to work differs across cultures and this could be illustrated the following example. In countries where there is high risk of economic failure the reward of success is low, like Greece, where there is an enthusiasm for work because the deep recession. Great enthusiasm for work could be found when high uncertainty of outcome combined with positive reward (Triandis,1982). To conclude, according to the background theories, personal goals are contributing to the developing of human behavior. They are used by individuals to monitor, to modify and evaluate their behavior. Generally speaking, motivation can be preferential and selective aspect of particular behavior. It should be understood that motivation is important for the explanation of force toward a particular behavior or action. Vroom’s expectancy theory also places emphasis on the importance of motivation in the explanation of why people choose a particular action or behavior. Managers’ responsibility is to inspire, empower, envision and motivate employees for the fulfillment of their needs based on the different cultural  background. References Adams, J. (1963) Towards an understanding of inequity. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67 p.422-436. Adams, J. (1965) Inequity in social exchange . Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Academic Press. Droar, J. (2006) Expectancy theory of motivation. Economist.com (2009) Woke up, smelled the coffee. [online] Available at: http://www.economist.com/node/14536977 [Accessed: 23rd October 2012 ]. Fok, L. et al. (2000) Human factors affecting the acceptance of total quality management. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 17 (7), p.714-729. Freese and Nichols Website (2010) Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Report. [online] Available at: http://www.freese.com/sites/default/files/Malcolm%20Baldrige%20Service%20Sheet.pdf. Gladwell, M. (2011) The Tweaker: The Real Genius of Steve Jobs. New York:. Herzberg, F. (1987) One more time:How do you motivate employees. Harvard Business Review, 65 (5), p.109-120. Herzberg, F. et al. (1959) The Motivation of work. 2nd ed. Barbara B. Snyderman:. Isaacson, W. (2011) Steve Jobs. New York: Simon and Schuster. Locke, E. and Latham, G. (1990) A Theory of Goal Setting and Task Performance. Prentice Hall: Englewood, NJ. Maslow, A. (1954) Motivation and personality. New York: Harper and Row New York, p.91-93 , 256. Mowday, R. (1991) Motivation and work. New York: McGraw-Hill. Porter, L. and Lawler, E. (1968) Managerial Attitudes and Performance. Homewood: IL:Richard D. Irwin Inc. Triandis, H. (1982) Cross-Cultural Management :Conceptual Analyses. International Studies of Management and Organization, 12 (4). Vroom, V. (1964) Work and Motivation. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Terrorism As An International Phenomenon Essay -- essays research pape

Terrorism as an International Phenomenon International terrorism, intelligence gathering and covert operations are all phenomenon, which intrigue the minds of many people both young and old. This paper is a historical recount and study on the various elements that comprise an international operation. It is also a vehicle for discussing the effects of intelligence agencies around the world, with particular interest in the CIA, Mossad, and KGB. This paper will show the various results of failed missions on the international community, examining whether the end justified the mean. Furthermore, it will also provide a deeper understanding to the way in which an operation works as developed through the mind of the agent, as well as the underlying reason for a particular action. In order to comprehend the following paragraphs one must have a knowledge of the terms which may be used when discussing espionage, international terrorism and intelligence agencies throughout the world. First is the spy, agent or combatant. This is the person who carries out a mission. He/she does not necessarily work alone. Depending on the mission one or many spies may contribute in various ways. The entire team of spies, combatants or agents is called a â€Å"pod†. These pods can act in a plethora of ways. One such way is a clandestine operation, where the actions are taken on foreign soil, specifically in the State, or Country where the result will occur. Generally there are two different types of combatants: those who work in the in the field actually performing operations and those who infiltrate another government, posing as a citizen of that country, in order to provide his/her home country with secret information. The latter is called a mole, or a double agent. He is one who pretends to be from the Country in which he is spying, in order to gain the confidence of that government before he enters it, usually as a spy. Now that the reader has a basic knowledge of the vocabulary necessary to understand the information to be read, this person must first comprehend the history of espionage and terrorism. Although espionage dates as far back as biblical times when Moses sent spies into the land of Israel, this paper is only concerned with more contemporary organized espionage operations. The firs... ...: 54 Issue: 2 March 1998. Pgs. 62-63. Central Intelligence Agency," Microsoft ® Encarta ® 97 Encyclopedia.  © 1993-1996 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Chabin, Michelle. USA Today. â€Å"Israel Swaps Hamas Leader for two Agents†. Sec.: A Pg.: 1 Col.: 6 October 7, 1997. Cooperman, Alan. US News and World Report. â€Å"When Spies and Poison Go Awry†. Vol.: 123 Issue: 14 October 13, 1997. Page 42. Draper, Theodore. New York Review of Books. â€Å"Is the CIA Necessary?†. Vol.: 44 Issue: 13 August 14, 1997. Pages 16-22. Kornbluh, Peter. Nation. â€Å"Beyond the Bay of Pigs†. Vol.: 266 Issue: 15 April 27, 1998. Pages 25-26. Makovsky, David. US News and World Report. â€Å"Israel’s Mossad Blushes Again†. Vol.: 124 Issue: 9 March 9, 1998. Page 39. Newsweek. â€Å"A Spy in the Network†. November 9, 1998. Page 2. Persico, Joseph E. New York Times Book Review. â€Å"Spy vs. Spy†. Sec.:7 Page: 15 Col.: 1. September 28, 1997. US News and World Report. â€Å"America Fights Back†. August 31, 1998. Page 42. US News and World Report. â€Å"The Recruiter for Hate†. August 31, 1998. Page 48. Westerby, Gerald. In Hostile Territory: Business Secrets of a Mossad Combatant. Harper Business: New York, 1998.

Scramble For Africa DBQ

European powers gave the illus. on of choice to the people and then backed them up with torture and bullets when they rises De. African Nations responded to colonization efforts by holding on to their religious bell fees and through militaristic resistance while other just remained to their destined faith that WA s set up to them by European Powers. In order to better analyze this issue, it would be helpful to have a document that is a response from African merchants that detailed the possible e economic consequences of European Colonization.Many Africans saw that that their fate had been made as soon as the European powers marched in and began occupying and colonizing their lands so they g eve in without a fight at all. The Royal Niger Company, commissioned by the British government NT to administer and develop the Niger River delta and surrounding areas and many African rue leers signed the form in 1886(Doc 1). Many African leaders just signed their lands away not eve en standing u p for their lands they just subsided with the British thinking things would be bet terror them if they just have in when in reality it didn't make anything better.Shanty leader Premier I turned down an offer that would protect him and his people. But he also said that â€Å"at the same time remain friendly with all White men†(Doc 2). Premier may have not agree De to the British logic of protection but he did want to remain friendly with the whites which t urine out to be a major flaw for the Chiantis. Next, Indians Kamala and African veteran of the Needle Rebellion tells how his people surrendered to the white people and tried to live e their lives as normal as they possibly could(Doc 4).Once again the Africans just submitted t o the their fate Mr. Sullivan and attempted to live their lives as normal Africans. They might as well as off get for their lives and freedom because they were treated as slaves and when an unrecognized r billion broke out against the Europeans, the Eu ropeans quickly overpowered them and ma y Africans died. This was described by Indians Kamala as † They-?the White men-?fought t us with big guns, machine guns, and rifles.Many Of our people were killed in this fight: I s away four of my cousins shot. We made many charges but each time we were defeated†(Doc 4 Lastly, Samuel Marcher a leader of the Hero people described in a letter to another African leader how â€Å"All our obedience and patience with the Germans is of little avail, for each h day they shoot someone dead for no reason at 7). Many people in Africa just b Egan giving in to all the changes that were taking place around them by European powers.

Socioeconomic Status and Childhood Obesity - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2978 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/03/15 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Childhood Obesity Essay Obesity Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Over the last few years, the rates of obesity among both children and adults have been on the rise (Rogers et al., 2015). One impact that can increase the risk of someone becoming obese is their socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic status encompasses more than just the financial resources that someone has access to, it is more of an accumulation of income, occupation, and education (Socioeconomic Status, n.d.). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Socioeconomic Status and Childhood Obesity" essay for you Create order Ones socioeconomic status can impact not only access to resources, but also privilege and control (Socioeconomic Status, n.d.). This paper is going to prove the relationship between poor socioeconomic status and childhood obesity in rural communities. Background The American Heart Association describes obesity as a person who has a body mass index (BMI) of over 30, in other words you weigh 20% more than your ideal weight (Obesity Information, 2014). Nearly 70 percent of adults in America fall into this overweight or obese category, so it is a fairly common affliction in this country (Obesity Information, 2014). When it comes to American youth, about one in three children aged 2-19 are obese (Obesity Information, 2014). And unfortunately research shows that children that are obese are more likely to be obese once they reach adulthood (Cole et al., 2000). Obesity can also be dangerous for your health. It is a known risk factor of high blood pressure, diabetes, sleep apnea, heart disease, and even certain cancers (Obesity Information, 2014). Childhood obesity also has its slew of more specific risk factors. Child development can be curbed by the mechanical stress caused by the access weight, as well as consequences of adipose tissue disrupting normal organ function (Lutfiyya et al., 2012). Even more rarely discussed is the psychological impact that being overweight has on the development of young children and teens (Lutfiyya et al., 2012). Children living in rural areas are also at a higher risk of poverty, no health insurance, no preventive care in the past year, and little physical activity (Lutfiyya et al., 2012). Obesity is not a disease that develops overnight. This is a chronic condition that can take years to slowly manifest. It is a learned and repeated habit of eating too much and exercising too little (Harvard Health Publishing, 2017). There are a few other indicators like that some individuals are genetically more likely to become obese, but the largest risk factor is the link to behavior (Harvard Health Publishing, 2017). The modern worlds heavily sedentary lifestyle is another factor, for example an average American spends 4 hours watching television a day (Harvard Health Publishing, 2017). An activity that expends little to no calories compared to walking or other types of exercises. One piece of research that is proving to be very interesting is the role of food advertisements in this cycle. Harvard Health Publishing explains that the average television episode hosts around 11 food and beverage commercials, which are literally created and aired to encourage people to consume (2017). Health research also uncovered that eating while watching television could stimulate viewers to consume more calories in total, especially calories that come from fatty foods (Harvard Health Publishing, 2017). Moreover, when researchers would limit the amount of television that kids would watch, it actually had a positive impact on their health and they lost weight (Harvard Health Publishing, 2017). But this act wasnt because of the actual lack of screen time that they children were experiencing, it was discovered that there is a positive correlation between the hours of TV and the hours of snacking (Harvard Health Publishing, 2017). So its more than just watching television that can be dangerous to ones health, its also the mindless snacking that often occurs simultaneously. There are a lot of programs and groups in the United States today that work to target the increasingly high rates of obesity, especially in children. Each of them have a pretty similar premise; education about exercise and healthy eating that will lead to positive life long habits, as well as a link to their schools and parental involvement. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has a program called The Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model. This program supports school aged children with nutritional education, physical activity, community and family engagement, and the application of school health services (Healthy Schools, 2018). One familiar program is the Lets Move! program started by Michelle Obama. This model is also target at school aged children, getting them to move more and eat healthier. One big caveat here is that it worked on a larger scale within the education system itself. Obama used her platform to successfully work with legislation to have the public school systems lunch menus changed, in order to provide healthier and less caloric options to children (Learn the Facts, n.d.). This program has proved to be effective however, especially in how they are utilizing public service announcements (PSAs) to share their information (Georgiadis, 2013). Their PSAs encourage viewers to eat better and exercise more, and their health messages are also in line with the health belief model and social cognitive theory (Georgiadis, 2013). Legislation does play a large role in the fight against childhood obesity. As public knowledge increases, health policies have been put in place to try and curb this problem. In a three year study performed by Brownson et al.; there were 717 bills introduced, and 123 of them were adopted (2007). The majority of which were at the state level, which is where many of the health policy decisions are made (Brownson et al., 2007). Target Population Children are a very unique group to work with in the public health setting. They are one of the few populations that do not have complete control over their environments. Children are dependent on the environment that their parents create for them, for worse or for better. In rural settings this can mean the specific geography. If their parents own a house that is over an hour from the nearest emergency medical facility or fresh food outlet, the child has little ability to make a difference in his/her outcome. Consequently, studies show that youth growing up in rural locations are at a higher risk of becoming obese (Liu et al., 2012). Liu et al. performed a cross sectional analysis of both urban and rural children and found that on average rural children ate more calories, at less fruit, and exercised less than their urban counterparts (2012). Lutfiyya et al. found that rural children are actually 25 percent more likely to become obese or overweight compared to urban children (2012). Oftentimes with children it is the habits that they develop when young that carry over into adulthood. So poor eating and physical activity habits, as well as childhood obesity, will follow them and could lead to obesity in adulthood. Demographics of rural households tend to be very different from urban households however. The most recent US Census noted that there are lower rates of poverty in rural communities compared to urban ones, but parents are less likely to have achieved any higher education above high school level (US Census Bureau, 2016). It is also notable that rural American has lower household income medians, but also lower household expenses like mortgage (US Census Bureau, 2016). These factors can definitely impact that amount of financial resources and education that families have to focus on providing healthy choices and access to physical activity. As previously mentioned, children are a difficult target population to work with especially when trying to measure socioeconomic status. But both parental education level and average household income have been used to explain variability in childhood obesity (Whitaker Orzol, 2006). Some recent research on the correlation of geography and obesity does add another layer. Fang et al. has noted that although obesity is not contagious, it is considered to be a social contagion (2018). Social contagion is the idea that individuals who spend a significant amount of time together will often adopt the same habits, in this case it is obesity. In rural America children are often interacting with the same people at home, at school, and in public spaces. It is here that the social contagion effect can take place. Overweight children will begin to associate with one another and with the help of social norming, the likelihood of them continuing to be overweight or obese will increase (Fang et al., 2018). When you take into account that growing up in a rural community increases your chances of living in the same state of birth, then it can be seen that this social contagion is cyclical (US Census Bureau, 2016). Integration of the Health Issue and Target Population There are also some fickle cultural anomalies that researchers may find when working with rural populations. Holmes and Levy describe the importance of community connection in their research among rural communities (2015). Rural community members tend to take care of each other and work together towards a greater good (Holmes Levy, 2015). Their interactions with doctors are also very different, rural patients dont tend to be very engaging with physicians. They would prefer to be told what is wrong and how they can remedy it, and that is the end of the interaction (Holmes Levy, 2015). These communities also see structural challenges like care affordability, distance, and actual availability of services needed (Holmes Levy, 2015). Most notable is the view of health services. Rural communities tend to see health services as more of a crisis intervention than a preventative measure (Holmes Levy, 2015). People in these areas just dont seek out medical care unless there is already a problem. These behaviors can serve as a risk factor because many complications associated with obesity may go undetected until it becomes dangerous, like diabetes or heart disease. On top of these intangible, cultural preferences there is more and more research that is discovering the importance of built environments as well. When it comes to rural areas, the built environments often dont have the same resources that one might find in urban communities. The lack of a dynamic built environment can lead to a sedentary lifestyle (Lutfiyya et al., 2012). Some factors that could be beneficial to communities and lower obesity include access to parks, exercise facilities, sidewalks, public transportation, and physical education classes (Lutfiyyya et al., 2012). Some positives to this tight knit community feel is that people are also looking out for one another. So this could help as members might encourage one another to seek medical attention. The largest positive to working with children is that if the parents are supportive, it is easier to get child buy in. Because they are still wards of their parents, they are at the mercy of their parents decisions. So if mom and dad are willing to encourage physical activity and buy healthier food options there should be great impacts on the habits of the children. But parents can also hinder a childs progression, as they are the sole-providers. Without parental support children will not have the necessary control over their environment to makes lasting changes, especially if they are very young. Theory to Address the Health Issue Many theories require a person to have complete control over their environment, like the Social Action Theory and the Social Cognitive Theory (DiClemente et al., 2013). These theories can be used to create a health program to target childhood obesity, but children dont have a lot of control so they would have to be aimed at changing parental beliefs. The Transtheoretical Model of Change (TMC) is applicable in health promotion for this health issue. This model utilizes many theories to create lasting behavior change among the target population (DiClemente et al., 2013). Because when working with children there are so many stakeholders, this allowance of ambiguity will help increase the strength of the program. The TMC recognizes that lasting change takes work, and people will move in all directions in between its stages (DiClemente et al., 2013). Understanding that health behavior change includes some failed efforts and missteps will be critical in creating a framework for a program that will target families. Processes of change (POC) within the TMC could also be helpful in working with rural residents. Environmental reevaluation is going to be a critical piece when education parents about how their decisions all have consequences for their children (DiClemente et al., 2013). This POC can be used to demonstrate to parents that they are role models for their children, and if they are obese their children are more likely to pick up those same bad habits. Another POC that could be utilized in rural towns is helping relationships (DiClemente et al., 2016). Creating programs that values relationship building and accountability buddies would work well with their desire to have strong communal ties. These ties could link participants to another POC called self-liberation. If the focus of this health program is fellowship, having participants share their goals with one another could also help people feel empowered to stick with their goals (DiClemente et al., 2016). The theory that could be the most useful in addressing this health issue is the Diffusion Theory. This theory explains how innovations and changes spread among a specifically targeted population (DiClemente et al., 2013). Diffusion Theory suggests that if someone sees another person adopt an innovation and acquire a positive outcome, they are more likely to attempt this innovation themselves. There is a framework for how to make your innovation, or health practice, adoptable for your audience. Interpersonal communication is very important to this theory, including the concept of homophily, when 2 or more people share values or norms (DiClemente et al., 2013). As discussed by Holmes and Levy, this often proves to be a major theme of rural communities in America (2015). In the case of socioeconomic status and childhood obesity, this Diffusion Theory is going to help get parents on board and excited about making changes for the family. It is also going to utilize the close knit culture of rural towns. Because people are more likely to try something that they see their neighbors doing successfully, it should help integrate a program into this community. Parents might not have access to large financial resources that will allow them to move away from their current environment or start buying completely organic, but utilizing the strong community ties already in place is going to fight obesity and socioeconomic challenges. Move more and eat less, this is a simple message that can be adapted by anyone â€Å" no matter your education level or occupation. Diffusion theory uses four elements to outline the dissemination of innovation. Innovation, communication, time, and the social system (DiClemente et al., 2013). Innovation is important because it includes the new health habits, like exercising more and eating healthier. Communication is about how the message is spread, what channels are used and relationships are built. Time will be used to ensure that the outcomes are positive and relevant. And then finally the social systems role is probably the largest in this community. It includes the cultures, norms, and other boundaries of the diffusion within the rural community (DiClemente et al., 2013). Diffusion Theory relies on human interaction, word of mouth, and basic observation of others in order to be successful. Each of these are characteristics of rural residency. If a health program can integrate into a community, and its creators/implementers can develop relationships within that community it will have an even better chance. One positive aspect about obesity in this sense is that it is a very visible affliction, and it is one that is widely accepted and understood. Community members are able to easily spot who the overweight people are, and it is no secret that Americans are growing larger and larger. That being said if this program is introduce and people begin to lose weight or look more healthy their community will be able to tell. If a program is successful, this is free advertising at its best. If a program can get to the point where valued members of that rural town are buying in and losing weight, the dissemination through the town should happen rapidly. This dissemination is important because children will need their parents to make life changes in order for them to follow suit. Diffusion Theory can also help out with this, because the schools are nothing but smaller institutions within the community. When parents start to adopt changes for themselves and their children, other children might observe this and encourage their parents to get involved. Conclusions and Recommendations Synthesis of the texts included in this work show that there is a strong relationship between the socioeconomic status and childhood obesity in rural communities. Rural children are actually 25 percent more likely to become obese or overweight compared to children of the same age in an urban setting (Lutfiyya et al., 2012). And their parents have an increased chance of being less educated and having a lower median household income than parents in the city (US Census Bureau, 2016). Although socioeconomic status is more difficult to measure for children, it has be noted that those are two strong and frequently used indicators (Whitaker Orzol, 2006). And the small town feel of these rural locations along with frequent interactions with the same peers put these children at a higher risk of developing obesity through social contagion (Fang et al., 2018). But it is this community that could prove to be the strongest resource we have to fight obesity among rural families. Leaning on their fellow citizens and tapping into the heart of the strong ties among these groups can use education and determination to create change without having to change the financial makeup of the town. Education in schools and among parents is going to be a determining factor of whether or not a health program is going to make a positive and lasting change on the reports of obesity. The culture of rural residents does not encourage them to be self-advocates in the doctors office so programs are going to have to be engaging and work to increase the self efficacy of the entire community.